With the decision of Grand Duke Leopold, the modern history of the organization of the territory of Murlo begins. Following the historical events and vicissitudes due to the European wars, Murlo follows the history of Tuscany passing from the Grand Duchy to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Tuscany and then again to the Grand Dukes and finally to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, in the present structure of municipality.

The municipal seat was transferred in 1832 from Murlo Castle to Vescovado, the hamlet that in the meantime had acquired greater importance as a result of the urban union of the two ancient medieval villages, that of Tinoni and the northern village of Andica or Antica.

At the end of the 1800s an industrial initiative - the Mines of Murlo - partly shakes up the somnolence of the countryside, creating a minimum of infrastructure, roads and employment expectations; this initiative with alternate "misfortunes" comes to an end with the Second World War, whose front also passes through Murlo, which is partly involved.

Today Murlo has 2,400 inhabitants scattered over the 115 square kilometers concentrated mainly in the two towns of Casciano and Vescovado.